It Essentials Exam Answers Chapter 2 Guide

The second part of the IT certification curriculum dives into critical concepts that form the foundation of practical technology skills. This section is designed to challenge your understanding of basic IT systems and network principles, emphasizing problem-solving and troubleshooting techniques. As you move through the material, you’ll encounter various scenarios that test your ability to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world situations.

Grasping the core ideas is essential for both your studies and future career in the tech industry. The content focuses on the practical aspects of working with hardware, networking, and system management, all of which are vital for any IT professional. To succeed, it’s important to break down complex topics into smaller, manageable components and build a strong understanding of each one.

Throughout this section, common challenges will arise that require careful analysis and quick thinking. The goal is not just to memorize facts but to gain the ability to troubleshoot issues effectively and efficiently. Preparing well for this part of the curriculum sets you up for long-term success in the IT field.

IT Certification Section 2 Overview

This section covers the fundamental concepts and skills required to progress in the IT certification journey. It is designed to test your understanding of key IT components, including hardware configurations, networking basics, and system management. The focus is on providing practical knowledge that can be applied in real-world scenarios, ensuring you have the necessary expertise to solve common issues and perform routine tasks efficiently.

The main topics you will encounter include:

• Basic computer hardware components and their functions
• Introduction to networking and how different systems communicate
• Operating systems and their essential features
• Troubleshooting methods for common hardware and software issues

As you prepare for this section, it is important to focus on the following key areas:

1. Understand the role of each hardware component and its interaction with other systems.
2. Familiarize yourself with common networking protocols and their applications.
3. Be comfortable with identifying system errors and applying solutions quickly.
4. Develop an approach to analyzing problems and troubleshooting effectively.

By mastering these areas, you’ll be well-prepared to demonstrate your ability to handle practical IT challenges, ensuring a solid foundation for more advanced topics in future sections.

Key Concepts Covered in Section 2

This section provides a deep dive into the core principles that drive IT systems and network configurations. Understanding these key ideas is crucial for anyone looking to build a solid foundation in the field of information technology. Topics range from basic hardware components to more advanced network interactions, all of which are essential for managing and troubleshooting IT infrastructures effectively.

The following table outlines the primary concepts covered in this section:

Topic	Description
Hardware Components	Details the function and interaction of essential hardware elements, such as motherboards, CPUs, RAM, and storage devices.
Network Basics	Introduces foundational networking concepts, including types of networks, protocols, and basic network troubleshooting.
Operating Systems	Covers the fundamentals of operating systems, their core features, and how they manage hardware resources.
Troubleshooting	Explains common troubleshooting strategies for both hardware and software issues, focusing on systematic problem-solving methods.

Mastering these concepts will ensure a solid understanding of IT infrastructure and lay the groundwork for tackling more advanced topics in the field.

Understanding IT Certification Structure

This section is designed to give you a clear understanding of how the certification assessments are organized, what types of questions you can expect, and how to approach them. Gaining familiarity with the structure will help you manage your time effectively and focus on the areas that are most critical for success. The test is designed to evaluate your knowledge and practical skills across various IT disciplines, ensuring you are well-prepared for real-world challenges.

The structure typically consists of the following components:

• Multiple-choice questions: These questions assess your theoretical knowledge and understanding of IT concepts.
• Hands-on simulations: Practical scenarios are provided to test your ability to apply your knowledge in real-world situations.
• Drag-and-drop tasks: These tasks evaluate your ability to organize information or match concepts accurately.

Additionally, the certification is divided into several key areas:

1. Hardware components and system setup
2. Networking protocols and configuration
3. Operating systems and system management
4. Troubleshooting and problem-solving techniques

By understanding the format and focus areas, you can tailor your study efforts to the most important sections, ensuring a comprehensive preparation for the certification.

Important Topics in IT Certification

This section highlights the core subjects that are crucial for achieving success in the IT certification process. Understanding these topics will not only prepare you for assessments but also equip you with the practical skills needed to manage IT systems effectively. These key areas provide the foundation for troubleshooting, system maintenance, and network management.

The most important topics include:

• Computer Hardware: Understanding the functionality and interconnection of various hardware components is essential for system setup and repair.
• Networking Fundamentals: Knowledge of how different devices communicate over networks, including IP addressing, protocols, and basic network troubleshooting, is crucial for every IT professional.
• Operating Systems: Proficiency in managing operating systems–both desktop and server–ensures efficient system performance and security.
• Troubleshooting Techniques: Developing a methodical approach to diagnosing and resolving issues is a vital skill for maintaining IT infrastructure.

Mastering these areas will not only help you excel in the certification but also prepare you for the practical challenges faced in the IT field. The knowledge gained from studying these topics is directly applicable to real-world scenarios, making it an invaluable part of your professional development.

Preparing for Section 2 Questions

Effective preparation for the questions in this section requires a clear understanding of the core concepts and the ability to apply them in practical scenarios. It is essential to focus on mastering both theoretical knowledge and hands-on skills, as the assessment will test your ability to solve real-world problems efficiently. By breaking down the material and using a strategic approach, you can ensure you’re ready for any challenge that arises.

To prepare thoroughly, consider these key strategies:

• Review key concepts: Make sure you are familiar with the major topics such as hardware components, networking basics, and troubleshooting methods.
• Practice with hands-on scenarios: Engage in practical exercises to develop problem-solving skills and apply what you’ve learned.
• Utilize practice tests: Take sample questions to identify areas where you may need further study and improve your test-taking skills.
• Focus on weak areas: After taking practice tests, focus on topics where you felt less confident and work on mastering them.

By using these strategies, you will not only prepare for the questions in this section but also develop the skills necessary for success in the IT field.

Essential Skills for IT Certification

To succeed in the certification process, it is crucial to develop a solid set of skills that not only help you in assessments but also serve as a foundation for practical IT work. These skills cover a wide range of topics, including hardware management, system administration, networking, and troubleshooting. Mastering these areas ensures that you are well-equipped to handle the challenges of the IT industry and perform at a high level.

Below is a table that highlights the key skills required for success in this process:

Skill Area	Description
Hardware Knowledge	Understanding the components of a computer system, their functions, and how to assemble or troubleshoot them is essential for managing IT infrastructure.
Networking Basics	Familiarity with network protocols, IP addressing, routers, and switches is fundamental for setting up and maintaining network systems.
Operating Systems	Proficiency in using and managing different operating systems, both for desktops and servers, is crucial for system administration and support.
Troubleshooting	Being able to quickly identify and resolve technical issues is one of the most valuable skills, ensuring system reliability and minimizing downtime.

By honing these essential skills, you will be prepared not only for the certification challenges but also for a successful career in the IT field.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Section 2

During preparation for this section, it’s easy to fall into common pitfalls that can hinder your understanding and performance. Being aware of these mistakes allows you to approach the material with a clear strategy and avoid unnecessary setbacks. The key is to recognize potential errors before they become habits, ensuring a more efficient and successful learning experience.

1. Neglecting Hands-On Practice

One of the most significant mistakes is relying solely on theoretical knowledge. IT skills are best developed through practical experience, and not engaging with real-world scenarios can limit your ability to troubleshoot effectively. Make sure to complement your studies with hands-on exercises, such as assembling hardware, configuring networks, or simulating system failures.

2. Overlooking Basic Concepts

Another common mistake is skipping foundational topics in favor of more advanced ones. Mastery of basic IT principles, such as understanding hardware components, operating system functions, and network protocols, is crucial for tackling more complex problems. Ensure you have a strong grasp of the core concepts before moving on to more specialized areas.

Pro tip: Review your study materials regularly, focusing on areas that seem challenging. Repetition and application are key to reinforcing your knowledge and avoiding these pitfalls.

Helpful Resources for Test Preparation

Preparing for an IT certification requires more than just reading through textbooks; utilizing a variety of resources will help you understand the material in depth and improve your performance. Whether you’re looking for practice questions, hands-on labs, or video tutorials, the right tools can enhance your understanding and increase your confidence. Below are some of the best resources to help you prepare effectively.

1. Online Practice Tests

Simulating the test environment with online practice tests is one of the best ways to gauge your knowledge and identify areas that need improvement. These tests often include questions similar to those you will encounter, helping you get accustomed to the format and time constraints.

• CompTIA Practice Tests: Official practice exams designed to mimic the actual test environment.
• Quizlet: Customizable flashcards and practice quizzes for IT-related topics.
• Udemy: Offers practice tests along with in-depth courses and explanations.

2. Video Tutorials and Courses

Video tutorials can break down complex concepts into easily digestible segments, allowing you to learn at your own pace. Many platforms offer video courses specifically focused on IT topics, covering everything from basic hardware to advanced networking techniques.

• LinkedIn Learning: A library of professional video courses covering a wide range of IT topics.
• Pluralsight: Offers high-quality video tutorials designed for IT certification preparation.
• Professor Messer: Free video lessons focused on IT certifications, with clear explanations and practical examples.

By leveraging these resources, you can deepen your understanding, strengthen your weak areas, and ensure that you are fully prepared for the test.

Best Study Practices for IT Certification

Achieving success in IT certification requires more than just passive reading. Effective study habits are key to mastering the material and retaining important concepts. By implementing structured techniques, you can improve your understanding of complex topics and enhance your ability to apply them in real-world scenarios. Here are some of the best study practices that will help you excel.

1. Active Learning

Rather than simply reading through textbooks or notes, engage in active learning methods such as summarizing key points, asking questions, and teaching others. Active learning helps reinforce your understanding and improves long-term retention of information. You can also practice applying the concepts through hands-on labs or simulation exercises.

• Write summaries: Summarize each topic in your own words after reading or watching tutorials.
• Teach others: Explaining concepts to someone else helps solidify your own understanding.
• Apply the concepts: Use online labs or virtual environments to gain hands-on experience.

2. Consistent Review and Repetition

Repetition is essential for mastering the material. Regularly reviewing key concepts, even after you think you’ve mastered them, ensures that the information stays fresh. Create a study schedule that incorporates daily or weekly reviews, focusing on the areas you find most challenging. Spaced repetition techniques can also be helpful for memorizing technical terms and processes.

• Flashcards: Use flashcards to test your knowledge of terms, concepts, and procedures.
• Practice tests: Take practice tests at regular intervals to track your progress and identify weak areas.
• Group study: Join a study group to review concepts and share insights with peers.

By applying these study practices, you can enhance your learning process and increase your chances of success in the certification journey.

Key Terminology for Section 2 Assessment

Understanding the key terms is crucial for mastering any IT-related subject. In this section, specific terminology forms the foundation for understanding complex concepts and procedures. These terms not only help in recognizing common industry practices but also aid in the ability to troubleshoot and manage various IT systems. Familiarizing yourself with this vocabulary is essential for both practical and theoretical success.

Below is a list of some critical terms to focus on:

• IP Address: A unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, used for communication and routing.
• Router: A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, directing traffic to ensure effective communication.
• Motherboard: The main circuit board of a computer, housing essential components such as the CPU, memory, and storage interfaces.
• BIOS: Basic Input/Output System, firmware that initiates hardware during boot-up and allows for interaction with the operating system.
• Firewall: A security system designed to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): A form of volatile memory used by the CPU to store data that is actively being used or processed.
• Hard Drive: A non-volatile storage device used to store data on a computer, with both traditional HDDs and newer SSDs providing different speed and capacity options.
• LAN (Local Area Network): A network of computers and devices that are connected within a limited area such as a home, office, or building.

Becoming proficient with these terms will help you understand and apply the concepts more effectively during both practical tasks and theoretical assessments.

Time Management Tips for IT Assessments

Efficiently managing your time is crucial when preparing for any IT certification or technical assessment. With a large amount of material to cover, it’s easy to become overwhelmed. The key to success lies in creating a structured study plan, prioritizing important topics, and ensuring that you allocate enough time for review. Implementing smart time management strategies can help you stay focused, reduce stress, and improve performance during the test.

Here are some effective time management techniques to help you prepare:

• Set Realistic Goals: Break down your study material into manageable sections and set achievable goals for each study session. This helps you stay focused and avoid procrastination.
• Create a Study Schedule: Plan your study time in advance, allocating specific times for different topics. Stick to your schedule to ensure all material is covered before the assessment.
• Prioritize Weak Areas: Identify the areas where you feel less confident and spend extra time reviewing them. Focus on understanding key concepts and practicing problem-solving techniques.
• Use Timed Practice Sessions: Simulate real-world conditions by timing yourself during practice tests. This helps you improve your pacing and ensures you can complete the assessment within the allotted time.
• Take Regular Breaks: Avoid burnout by incorporating short breaks into your study sessions. This helps maintain focus and prevents mental fatigue, ensuring that you can retain information effectively.
• Avoid Cramming: Spacing out your study sessions over a longer period of time is more effective than cramming the night before. Regular review helps with retention and deeper understanding of concepts.

By following these strategies, you can optimize your study time and approach your preparation in a more organized and less stressful way. This will not only help you perform better during your assessment but also boost your confidence as you progress through your studies.

Understanding Networking Concepts in Section 2

Networking is a fundamental aspect of modern technology, enabling devices and systems to communicate effectively. In this section, we explore key networking principles, focusing on the components and protocols that allow data to flow smoothly across networks. Understanding these concepts is essential for troubleshooting, configuring, and maintaining networks, whether for a small business or a large organization.

Here are some core networking ideas to grasp:

• IP Addressing: This refers to the system used to identify devices on a network. Each device needs a unique IP address to send and receive data. Understanding IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, as well as subnetting, is crucial for effective network management.
• Network Topology: This is the arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) within a computer network. Common topologies include star, bus, and ring, each offering unique benefits and challenges in terms of performance and scalability.
• Protocols: Protocols define the rules for communication between devices on a network. Key protocols include TCP/IP for reliable data transmission, as well as HTTP, FTP, and DNS, each serving specific purposes like web browsing, file transfer, and domain resolution.
• Routing and Switching: Routers and switches are crucial for directing traffic across networks. A router determines the best path for data, while a switch connects devices within a single network. Understanding how they work together helps in managing complex networks.
• LAN and WAN: Local Area Networks (LAN) are used within a confined area, like a building or campus, while Wide Area Networks (WAN) span larger distances. The distinction between these types of networks is vital for understanding scalability and interconnectivity.

By mastering these networking concepts, you will gain a deeper understanding of how devices communicate and how networks are structured. This knowledge is fundamental for anyone working in IT, as networks are the backbone of modern digital infrastructure.

How to Approach Troubleshooting Questions

Troubleshooting is a critical skill in IT, as it helps identify and resolve issues efficiently. When faced with problems, it’s important to approach them systematically rather than reacting impulsively. By following a structured process, you can pinpoint the root causes of issues and apply the correct solutions. This section focuses on effective strategies for answering troubleshooting questions, ensuring that you can address technical challenges with confidence.

Here are some key steps to keep in mind when tackling troubleshooting scenarios:

• Identify the Problem: Begin by gathering as much information as possible about the issue. Ask questions like, “When did the problem occur?” or “What were the circumstances before the issue arose?” This helps you understand the scope and nature of the problem.
• Establish a Theory: Based on the information collected, develop a hypothesis about what could be causing the issue. This theory could be related to hardware, software, network configuration, or any other IT component.
• Test the Theory: Once you have a possible cause, test your theory by performing specific actions, such as restarting devices, checking connections, or running diagnostics. This helps you verify whether the theory is correct or needs to be revised.
• Implement a Solution: After confirming the issue and identifying the cause, apply the most appropriate solution. This could involve resetting devices, reinstalling software, or adjusting network settings. Always ensure that the fix addresses the underlying problem.
• Document the Process: Keep a record of the troubleshooting steps you took, the results of your tests, and the final solution. This not only helps in case the issue reoccurs but also serves as a valuable reference for future troubleshooting scenarios.

By following this methodical approach, you can tackle troubleshooting questions more effectively. Patience and attention to detail are key, as even small errors can lead to larger issues down the line. With practice, you’ll develop a sharper troubleshooting mindset and the confidence to solve a wide range of technical problems.

Real-World Applications of Section 2 Topics

The concepts explored in this section are not just theoretical; they have real-world applications that are crucial for both personal and professional technology use. From managing networks to troubleshooting common issues, the knowledge gained here helps professionals maintain and optimize systems across various industries. This section provides a deeper understanding of how these skills are applied in everyday work scenarios, making them invaluable for IT specialists and anyone looking to enhance their technical proficiency.

Here are a few examples of how the topics covered can be applied in real-world situations:

• Network Configuration: Proper network setup is essential for businesses of all sizes. By understanding IP addressing, routers, and switches, IT professionals can ensure seamless communication between devices, improving productivity and efficiency in the workplace.
• Hardware Troubleshooting: Knowing how to diagnose and fix hardware-related problems is crucial for ensuring minimal downtime. Whether it’s identifying faulty RAM or replacing a damaged hard drive, these skills are essential for maintaining the smooth operation of both personal and enterprise systems.
• Security Protocols: Understanding the importance of securing networks and devices is critical in today’s world. The application of firewalls, VPNs, and encryption methods helps protect sensitive information from cyber threats, safeguarding both personal data and corporate assets.
• Device Connectivity: Many businesses rely on wireless devices and remote working tools. Knowing how to set up and troubleshoot wireless networks ensures employees can stay connected, whether in the office or working remotely.
• System Maintenance: Regular updates and maintenance are vital to keeping systems secure and running efficiently. Understanding the underlying components of operating systems and software allows technicians to ensure systems remain up to date and perform at their best.

These applications show how technical knowledge is directly linked to solving real-world challenges. By mastering the core principles covered in this section, individuals can contribute significantly to enhancing the performance and security of their networks, devices, and systems in both personal and professional environments.

Reviewing Sample Questions for Section 2

Understanding the types of questions that are commonly asked can help you prepare effectively for any assessment. In this section, we will review several sample questions that reflect the topics covered and provide insights into how to approach them. These examples are designed to test your knowledge and problem-solving abilities, helping you familiarize yourself with the format and style of questions that may appear.

Sample Question 1: Network Setup

Which of the following steps is crucial when setting up a small office network to ensure that devices can communicate with each other?

• Assign static IP addresses to all devices.
• Connect the devices to a central router.
• Ensure that devices are configured to use the same subnet mask.
• All of the above.

Correct Answer: All of the above.

This question assesses your understanding of basic network configuration, where each step ensures devices can properly communicate over the network. Understanding the role of IP addresses, subnet masks, and routers is key to setting up an efficient and functional network.

Sample Question 2: Troubleshooting Hardware Issues

You are troubleshooting a computer that suddenly shuts down during use. What is the first step you should take?

• Replace the power supply unit (PSU).
• Check the system’s event logs for errors.
• Ensure that the operating system is up to date.
• Run a memory diagnostic test.

Correct Answer: Check the system’s event logs for errors.

Before replacing hardware components, it’s crucial to examine the system’s logs to understand the underlying issue. Event logs can provide valuable clues, such as overheating or power failures, that help pinpoint the cause of the problem.

Key Takeaways from Sample Questions

Reviewing these sample questions not only tests your knowledge but also helps you develop strategies for answering similar questions during the actual assessment. Being familiar with the common types of questions–ranging from network configuration to hardware troubleshooting–prepares you for a wide variety of topics.

Sample Question Table

Question	Topic	Answer
Which of the following steps is crucial when setting up a small office network?	Network Configuration	All of the above
What is the first step when troubleshooting a computer that shuts down during use?	Troubleshooting Hardware	Check the system’s event logs

By reviewing sample questions like these, you can hone your ability to analyze and solve technical problems quickly and accurately. This will ultimately improve your readiness for real-world tasks and assessments.

IT Essentials Section 2 Challenges

When preparing for assessments related to IT fundamentals, various challenges can arise, particularly in topics that involve technical configurations and troubleshooting scenarios. As you review material, it is crucial to recognize the areas where difficulty may be encountered and focus your study efforts accordingly. This section will highlight some of the common obstacles faced by individuals when approaching the topics in Section 2, and provide strategies for overcoming them.

Challenges in Network Configuration

One of the most common difficulties arises when setting up and managing networks. Understanding network architecture, subnetting, and device communication can be complex for many learners. The following are common issues faced in this area:

• Configuring IP Addresses: Assigning static versus dynamic IP addresses can be confusing, especially when determining the correct configuration for various network devices.
• Subnetting: Determining the appropriate subnet mask for different IP ranges can be a challenging task, particularly when multiple subnets are involved.
• Router and Switch Setup: Configuring routers and switches to ensure devices can communicate properly across the network often requires a deep understanding of routing protocols.

To address these issues, it’s important to practice setting up networks in virtual labs and review the process of subnetting using subnetting calculators or manual methods to reinforce your skills.

Challenges in Troubleshooting Hardware Issues

Troubleshooting hardware problems is another area that many learners find challenging. The complexity increases when diagnosing issues with physical components such as power supplies, RAM, or hard drives. Common difficulties include:

• Identifying Symptoms: Recognizing the symptoms of specific hardware failures can be tricky, as they often overlap (e.g., a system shutting down could be due to overheating or a faulty power supply).
• Testing Components: Knowing which tools and methods to use for testing individual components like RAM, CPU, or hard drives is essential for efficient troubleshooting.
• Component Compatibility: Ensuring that replacement parts are compatible with the existing system can sometimes be overlooked, leading to further delays and confusion.

To improve in this area, it’s recommended to work with physical systems, practice diagnosing common hardware failures, and become familiar with diagnostic software tools that can streamline the process.

Approach to Time Management in Practical Scenarios

Another challenge lies in managing time effectively during practical tasks and scenarios. When faced with a set of troubleshooting or configuration tasks, it’s important to stay organized and avoid rushing through questions. Common time management issues include:

• Overthinking Questions: Spending too much time on a single problem can lead to stress and hinder progress on other tasks.
• Inadequate Practice: Without regular practice, it can be difficult to complete tasks quickly and efficiently, especially under time constraints.

To overcome these time management challenges, try practicing under timed conditions and focus on efficiency. Utilize review sessions where you simulate real-world scenarios, and prioritize the completion of tasks without sacrificing accuracy.

Conclusion

While these challenges may seem daunting, they are not insurmountable. By dedicating time to hands-on practice, reviewing key concepts, and honing your troubleshooting and network setup skills, you can overcome these obstacles and perform effectively in real-world IT tasks.

How to Boost Your Confidence for IT Assessments

Building confidence before a technical assessment requires more than just memorizing facts; it involves developing a deep understanding of key concepts, practicing your skills, and managing your mindset. Confidence comes from preparation, clarity of thought, and the ability to handle unexpected challenges. This section offers strategies to help you approach your upcoming test with a sense of calm and readiness.

Master the Basics

One of the most effective ways to boost confidence is by ensuring a solid grasp of the foundational principles. This includes understanding core networking concepts, hardware components, and troubleshooting steps. Here are some ways to strengthen your base knowledge:

• Review Key Concepts Regularly: Repetition is essential to retention. Set aside time each day to review important topics, such as device configurations, networking protocols, and common troubleshooting methods.
• Practice with Hands-On Experience: Theory is important, but hands-on practice is even more valuable. Set up your own virtual labs or use available practice environments to simulate common scenarios. The more you practice, the more familiar the tasks will feel during the test.
• Take Notes and Create Flashcards: Writing down important terms and concepts can help reinforce your learning. Flashcards are a great way to quickly test your memory and improve recall under pressure.

Simulate Real-World Scenarios

Confidence grows when you can apply what you’ve learned in practical situations. Simulating real-world tasks is one of the best ways to prepare for unpredictable challenges. You can do this in the following ways:

• Practice Troubleshooting: Set up simulated problems on your computer or network and try to resolve them. Troubleshooting under time constraints will help you become more comfortable with pressure.
• Use Practice Tests: Taking practice tests allows you to familiarize yourself with the format and difficulty of the questions. This helps you become more comfortable with the test environment and improves your time management.
• Work in a Group: Collaborate with peers to discuss problems and share solutions. This can help you gain new insights and improve your problem-solving skills.

Manage Stress and Stay Positive

While technical skills are essential, your mindset plays a huge role in how you perform. Managing stress and staying positive can significantly boost your confidence. Here are some helpful tips:

• Practice Relaxation Techniques: Deep breathing, meditation, or short breaks during study sessions can help manage anxiety and clear your mind before tackling a challenge.
• Visualize Success: Take a moment each day to visualize yourself succeeding. Positive visualization can help reduce feelings of doubt and enhance your performance.
• Stay Organized: A clear plan and schedule can reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed. Break down your study goals into smaller tasks and tackle them one at a time.

By mastering the basics, simulating real-world scenarios, and managing stress effectively, you can build the confidence needed to approach your assessment with calm assurance. The more prepared you are, the less you’ll need to rely on luck, and the more confident you’ll feel in your ability to succeed.